{"id":2545,"date":"2023-02-04T03:28:31","date_gmt":"2023-02-04T03:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/?p=2545"},"modified":"2025-09-03T01:32:12","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T01:32:12","slug":"methodes-et-procedures-dessai-pour-les-materiaux-a-aimants-permanents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/fr\/2023\/02\/04\/test-methods-and-procedures-for-permanent-magnet-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9thodes et proc\u00e9dures d&#039;essai pour les mat\u00e9riaux \u00e0 aimants permanents"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Permanent magnet materials must undergo rigorous testing to ensure their performance, consistency, and suitability for industrial applications. Several standardized methods exist to evaluate flux density, total flux, and magnetic hysteresis characteristics. Below is an overview of the most widely used testing techniques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n<div class=\"root-eb-toc-rtqnn wp-block-essential-blocks-table-of-contents\"><div class=\"eb-parent-wrapper eb-parent-eb-toc-rtqnn \"><div class=\"eb-toc-container eb-toc-rtqnn  eb-toc-is-not-sticky eb-toc-not-collapsible eb-toc-initially-not-collapsed eb-toc-scrollToTop style-1 list-style-none\" data-scroll-top=\"false\" data-scroll-top-icon=\"fas fa-angle-up\" data-collapsible=\"false\" data-sticky-hide-mobile=\"false\" data-sticky=\"false\" data-scroll-target=\"scroll_to_toc\" data-copy-link=\"false\" data-editor-type=\"\" data-hide-desktop=\"false\" data-hide-tab=\"false\" data-hide-mobile=\"false\" data-itemcollapsed=\"false\" data-highlight-scroll=\"false\"><div class=\"eb-toc-header\"><h2 class=\"eb-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"eb-toc-wrapper \" data-headers=\"[{&quot;level&quot;:2,&quot;content&quot;:&quot;Flux Density Test (Gaussmeter)&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Flux Density Test (Gaussmeter)&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;flux-density-test-gaussmeter&quot;},{&quot;level&quot;:2,&quot;content&quot;:&quot;Total Flux Test (Fluxmeter with Helmholtz Coil)&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Total Flux Test (Fluxmeter with Helmholtz Coil)&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;total-flux-test-fluxmeter-with-helmholtz-coil&quot;},{&quot;level&quot;:2,&quot;content&quot;:&quot;Hysteresis Test (Permeameter)&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Hysteresis Test (Permeameter)&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;hysteresis-test-permeameter&quot;},{&quot;level&quot;:2,&quot;content&quot;:&quot;Conclusion&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Conclusion&quot;,&quot;link&quot;:&quot;conclusion&quot;}]\" data-visible=\"[true,true,true,true,true,true]\" data-delete-headers=\"[{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Flux Density Test (Gaussmeter)&quot;,&quot;value&quot;:&quot;flux-density-test-gaussmeter&quot;,&quot;isDelete&quot;:false},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Total Flux Test (Fluxmeter with Helmholtz Coil)&quot;,&quot;value&quot;:&quot;total-flux-test-fluxmeter-with-helmholtz-coil&quot;,&quot;isDelete&quot;:false},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Hysteresis Test (Permeameter)&quot;,&quot;value&quot;:&quot;hysteresis-test-permeameter&quot;,&quot;isDelete&quot;:false},{&quot;label&quot;:&quot;Conclusion&quot;,&quot;value&quot;:&quot;conclusion&quot;,&quot;isDelete&quot;:false}]\" data-smooth=\"true\" data-top-offset=\"\"><div class=\"eb-toc__list-wrap\"><ul class=\"eb-toc__list\"><li><a href=\"#flux-density-test-gaussmeter\">Flux Density Test (Gaussmeter)<\/a><li><a href=\"#total-flux-test-fluxmeter-with-helmholtz-coil\">Total Flux Test (Fluxmeter with Helmholtz Coil)<\/a><li><a href=\"#hysteresis-test-permeameter\">Hysteresis Test (Permeameter)<\/a><li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flux Density Test (Gaussmeter)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Flux density can be measured on the surface of a magnet or at a specific distance using a <strong>Gaussmeter<\/strong> equipped with either an axial or transverse probe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>How it works:<\/strong> The probe contains a Hall Effect sensor that generates an output voltage proportional to the magnetic flux density.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accuracy considerations:<\/strong> Since measurements are highly position-sensitive, probes must be placed at the exact same location for each test. Brass fixtures are typically used to maintain consistent positioning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Calibration:<\/strong> A Zero Gauss chamber or a magnet sample with a known flux density is required for calibration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Note:<\/strong> The Gaussmeter provides surface flux density in Gauss or Tesla, which differs from the intrinsic residual induction (Br) values found in material specifications.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"999\" height=\"755\" src=\"https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Helmholtz-coil-setup-for-measuring-total-magnetic-flux-of-a-magnet.webp\" alt=\"Helmholtz coil setup for measuring total magnetic flux of a magnet\" class=\"wp-image-13518\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Helmholtz-coil-setup-for-measuring-total-magnetic-flux-of-a-magnet.webp 999w, https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Helmholtz-coil-setup-for-measuring-total-magnetic-flux-of-a-magnet-300x227.webp 300w, https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Helmholtz-coil-setup-for-measuring-total-magnetic-flux-of-a-magnet-768x580.webp 768w, https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Helmholtz-coil-setup-for-measuring-total-magnetic-flux-of-a-magnet-600x453.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 999px) 100vw, 999px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Total Flux Test (Fluxmeter with Helmholtz Coil)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>total magnetic flux<\/strong> of a magnet can be measured using a Fluxmeter connected to a Helmholtz coil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Coil setup:<\/strong> A Helmholtz coil consists of two identical coils spaced apart by their radius. To achieve accurate measurements, the coil diameter should be at least three times larger than the largest magnet dimension.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Procedure:<\/strong> The magnet is placed at the midpoint between the coils and then withdrawn, ensuring its flux lines cross perpendicularly through the coil. The induced voltage is captured by the Fluxmeter, providing data in Webers, Maxwells, or milliVolt-seconds (mVs).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modern advantage:<\/strong> Newer Fluxmeters allow users to input magnet volume to directly calculate Br and related values in Tesla.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important operating steps:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fluxmeters must be de-drifted (a process that may take 10\u201330 minutes).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The magnet orientation must remain perpendicular to the coil plane.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The coil should be positioned away from external magnetic interference or metal surfaces.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hysteresis Test (Permeameter)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Hysteresis-loop-B-H-curve-showing-magnetic-properties-of-permanent-magnet-material-1024x700.webp\" alt=\"Hysteresis loop (B-H curve) showing magnetic properties of permanent magnet material\" class=\"wp-image-13519\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Hysteresis-loop-B-H-curve-showing-magnetic-properties-of-permanent-magnet-material-1024x700.webp 1024w, https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Hysteresis-loop-B-H-curve-showing-magnetic-properties-of-permanent-magnet-material-300x205.webp 300w, https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Hysteresis-loop-B-H-curve-showing-magnetic-properties-of-permanent-magnet-material-768x525.webp 768w, https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Hysteresis-loop-B-H-curve-showing-magnetic-properties-of-permanent-magnet-material-600x410.webp 600w, https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Hysteresis-loop-B-H-curve-showing-magnetic-properties-of-permanent-magnet-material.webp 1306w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>Hysteresis Test<\/strong>, also known as the B-H curve test, measures intrinsic and normal magnetic properties, typically at different temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Equipment:<\/strong> A DC magnetizer and a Fluxmeter connected to a search coil wound around the sample.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sample preparation:<\/strong> The magnet material must be machined into precise shapes (commonly cubes) for accurate results.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Test process:<\/strong> The magnet is cycled through:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Origin to saturation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Demagnetization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reverse saturation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Return to original saturation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The recorded data generates a <strong>B-H curve (hysteresis curve)<\/strong>, showing parameters such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Br<\/strong>: Residual Induction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hcb<\/strong>: Coercive Force (normal)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hcj<\/strong>: Intrinsic Coercivity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BHmax<\/strong>: Maximum Energy Product<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This test provides critical performance data but is costly and time-consuming, making it impractical for high-volume testing of finished parts. Instead,<a href=\"https:\/\/hsmagnet.com\/\">magnet manufacturers<\/a> typically supply one B-H curve per lot of magnets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Testing permanent magnet materials is vital for ensuring product reliability in industries such as electronics, automotive, and renewable energy. While the <strong>Gaussmeter test<\/strong> provides localized flux density, the <strong>Helmholtz coil with Fluxmeter<\/strong> measures total flux output, and the <strong>Hysteresis test<\/strong> delivers deep insights into intrinsic material properties. Together, these methods provide a comprehensive evaluation of magnet performance, supporting quality control and application-specific design.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les mat\u00e9riaux des aimants permanents doivent \u00eatre soumis \u00e0 des tests rigoureux afin de garantir leurs performances, leur constance et leur ad\u00e9quation aux applications industrielles. Il existe plusieurs m\u00e9thodes normalis\u00e9es pour \u00e9valuer la densit\u00e9 de flux, le flux total et les caract\u00e9ristiques d&#039;hyst\u00e9r\u00e9sis magn\u00e9tique. Vous trouverez ci-dessous un aper\u00e7u des techniques de test les plus courantes.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13517,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-magnet-tech"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Test Methods for Permanent Magnet Materials: Flux Density, Total Flux, and Hysteresis Analysis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn the key test methods for permanent magnet materials, including flux density testing, total flux measurement, and hysteresis curve analysis. 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